Recreation, Leisure and Play Essay

The possibility of recreation has been in presence for a long time and has come to have a wide range of implications relying upon the period in history or the development that it began from. From as ahead of schedule as Ancient Greece, Rome or Babylonia, the term we currently know as recreation has existed in some structure or another. As has been generally noted in basic diversion writings, schole was both the old Greek word for relaxation meaning, â€Å"serious action without the weight of necessity† and is the foundation of the English word for school (Godbey, 2003). To the antiquated Greeks, relaxation, instruction, and culture were entwined. At the end of the day, learning was accessible just for the rich, individuals with the riches to manage the cost of extra time. Recreation, as we probably am aware it today, has transformed from the first importance of the word. From what I have perused and found in different books and articles, Leisure can be characterized in 3 distinct manners: recreation characterized as a condition or a perspective, relaxation characterized as a movement, and recreation characterized as time. I will talk about the different meanings of relaxation today and afterward examine my issues with every definition. Recreation Defined as a State of Mind Leisure characterized as a perspective may be, in my psyche, the least frequently utilized meaning of the word. The best approach to comprehend this idea would be use it in the setting, for example, â€Å"someone who is at leisure†; which means opportunity from nervousness, commitment, or imperative or having an inside locus of control. Locus of Control alludes to an individual’s impression of primary driver of occasions throughout everyday life. All the more basically, having an inside locus of control implies that you accept that you are the ace of your own predetermination. John Neulinger (1974) states: Recreation has one and only one fundamental model, and that is the state of apparent opportunity. Any movement completed uninhibitedly, without requirement or impulse, might be viewed as relaxation. â€Å"To leisure† suggests being occupied with any action as a free specialist and of one’s own decision. (p. 12) Now I need you to remember this thought of relaxation as any movement of one’s own free willed choice since I am going to address it again during the recreation characterized as time. Recreation Defined as an Activity Leisure characterized as an action is utilized broadly also. A great many people would concur that recreation movement is something that is fun and charming during a non-working time. This thought makes it hard to pinpoint a recreation movement however. Understanding if the movement is performed for inborn or outward purposes might be the integral factor whether the action is relaxation or not. The qualification among characteristic and outward properties assumes a fundamental job in expressing a few fascinating philosophical issues. For what reason am I playing out this activity? In the event that you are doing the movement since you appreciate it, at that point you are performing it for its inherent worth. In the event that you would prefer not to take an interest in a movement, yet you realize that you will profit by the action, you are performing it for its outward worth. A model would be an individual who rehearses on the piano since they like to play, versus an individual who rehearses piano since they need to win a music challenge. Who of the two is encountering recreation as a movement? The vast majority would concur that the main individual is certainly encountering relaxation as an action. The subsequent individual is the place the discussion lays. It is a similar precise action as the main individual, however the inspiration for playing out the movement is extraordinary. I feel that as long as you, as a free willed individual, decide to play out any action then you are encountering recreation as an action since you are satisfying your wants. I feel that the main time when you are may not encounter recreation is the point at which you are kicking the bucket. In the event that you have carried on with a long life and in the end bite the dust from mature age, I don't accept that you settled on the choice out of choice to die. Despite the fact that, if an individual ends it all, does that people free willed choice make the demonstration of kicking the bucket a recreation movement? Some great inquiries to pose: If your profession is your obsession, would you say you are consistently at recreation? Then again, is an individual without a vocation consistently at relaxation? Performers, proficient competitors, and the destitute are for the most part explicit instances of circumstances that may help answer these inquiries. Recreation Defined as Time Leisure characterized as time might be the most usually comprehended significance of the word today as a result of its positive undertones (Martin, 1975). Individuals regularly utilize the word recreation and the term spare time reciprocally. On a superficial level this definition appears to be fine, however as you dig further and pose troublesome inquiries, it begins to turn out to be less clear. What is extra time? Spare time is characterized as time liberated from commitments or duties, or time to do with what you please. As Neulinger expressed his meaning of recreation, playing out the action out of through and through freedom is the integral factor for whether it is relaxation or not. This thought carries this idea to mind. Every individual have been honored with the endowment of unrestrained choice; a cognizance of what our identity is and of the choices we make. Without awareness we would at present know about what is happening around us, yet we would respond to it in a reflexive, instinctual way. With awareness, we can purposely weigh what the faculties let us know, and react as needs be. In the event that this definition remains constant, shouldn’t all of life be viewed as relaxation? Each choice, each activity, originates from our choices willingly. On the off chance that we proceed with this idea, a few inquiries emerge: †¢ Are there any examples in life that would keep you from encountering through and through freedom? †¢ Do we generally settle on choices dependent on our wants? †¢ Do having needs that are not in a state of harmony with our wants discredit our choice? These inquiries came in the wake of having a discussion with my companion. She revealed to me that when you are a parent, you have commitments to your kids that may meddle with your extra time. This is the place the damn splits open and it is dependent upon the person to choose. Her inquiry was, â€Å"What if my requirements as a parent can't be satisfied in light of the fact that I have work to ensure my children are taken care of and dressed? † I feel that despite the fact that you have the duty as a parent to accommodate your kids, you settled on the choice to have a kid realizing without a doubt the commitments and obligations that would at last accompany that choice. Available time, who might have figured two little words, would raise such huge numbers of inquiries? My Definition of Leisure After thinking about on the different meanings of the term relaxation I propose the accompanying: Relaxation is simply the marvel experienced by every single mindful being whose choices are based out of through and through freedom, regardless of whether those choices are made in the cognizant or subliminal brain of the person. Amusement Recreation is any movement which is unwinding to people or gives preoccupations from their typical daily practice, and from multiple points of view is likewise a helpful reward of one’s body or brain. Any action can possibly be a recreational one. Get-aways to extraordinary islands, games, contemplation, sitting in front of the TV, or playing imposing business model are for the most part types of amusement. A key factor to the movement being viewed as a recreational action is whether it is pleasurable. In the event that the movement isn't pleasurable, at that point the action can't be viewed as recreational in light of the fact that it isn't reviving to the body or psyche. For instance, two or three goes to the Caribbean for a subsequent special night. They have arranged the excursion far ahead of time and the tickets and reservations are non-refundable. After showing up, the climate is terrible and the couple can't take an interest in any of the exercises they had gotten ready for the outing. Despite the fact that the reality they were taking part in a business recreational movement, the climate kept them from having an agreeable time and along these lines the get-away was not reproducing to oneself or another. With the data gave, this get-away would not be delegated amusement. Fairchild characterized amusement as â€Å"any movement sought after during relaxation, either individual or group, that is free and pleasurable, having its own quick intrigue, not prompted by a deferred compensation past itself† (Fairchild, 1944). Another part of diversion was introduced by Gray and Greben (1974) as: an enthusiastic condition inside an individual person that streams from a sentiment of prosperity and vanity. It is described by feeling of authority, accomplishment, elation, acknowledgment, achievement, individual worth, and joy. It fortifies positive mental self view. Amusement is a reaction to tasteful experience, accomplishment of individual objectives, or positive criticism from others. It is free of movement, relaxation, or individual acknowledgment. (p. 23) This definition isn't centered around the movement itself, yet on the individual’s response to the action; the people perspective. I would concur that this definition contacts the core of the subject much better. I expressed before that any action has the capability of being a recreational movement. This is genuine in light of the fact that it relies upon how the individual feels about the movement. The vast majority experience delight during exercises like exercise, sports, unwinding, and traveling. On the off chance that you think thusly, at that point it is straightforward why a few exercises are summed up as recreational and why some are most certainly not. Albeit a few people consider work pleasurable, the vast majority don't cherish their activity. This is the reason I accept that work isn't all around acknowledged as recreational. My Definition of Recreation After mulling over on the different meanings of the term diversion I propose the accompanying: Recreation is a positive perspective accomplished during any physical or non-physical exercises described by sentiments which are reviving and reproducing to the body and soul. Play Leisure and diversion as I examined them

Is War Good or Bad Essay

The continuous discussion, is war positive or negative? Generally on the off chance that we see or hear the word â€Å"war† we consider the negative sides first. There is an expression that a timberland fire consumes everything in its way and it destroys the woodland however out of the cinders comes new life. War is like this. Out of annihilation comes a fresh start. A nation can profit by war, by picking up riches or opportunity, expanding in influence, and progressing in innovation. Be that as it may, the motivation behind why war appears to be just contrary is on the grounds that there is likewise annihilation where a huge number of honest individuals kick the bucket, losing their assets and time, and furthermore their cash. Within the nation as well as the entire world could be influenced by war monetarily and socially. There are a lot of reasons why war is an awful thing. One primary concern that comes to us straightforwardly and horrendously is the demise of the friends and family. Wars may take care of issues yet in the process it slaughters a huge number of individuals so war is pitiless. A genuine model is the WW2, very nearly 50-60 million individuals kicked the bucket. Additionally in a war, the nation needs to go through a ton of cash. It needs to give weapons like tanks rockets and so on., and it needs however many soldiers as could reasonably be expected. As Chinese specialist Tzu Sun stated, â€Å"Where the military is, costs are high; when costs rise the abundance of the individuals is exhausted† (Tzu Sun, c.400 BCE). For the residents this is extremely frustrating in light of the fact that this cash would in the long run originate from raised assessments and rather this could be spent on poor and uneducated individuals. As I stated, war brings demolition. Swelling is additionally an issue. For instance after the Angola’s Civil War, their money was pointless to such an extent that containers of lager supplanted it. Exceptional tourist spots, ranches, and firms could be decimated and the nation could lose a ton of its assets. After the war, ordinarily the nation goes in an enormous obligation. Then again, war could be viewed as a positive impact. Wars exist since individuals can't concur on something. After the war it could be clear and they would concur and not battle any longer. Once in a while war could offer opportunity to a nation. After war the nation could turn out to be all the more impressive. In the event that the war was a result of land, after they win they have a greater nation with more assets. These assets could make the economy of the nation rocket up. Likewise war in present moment is in reality useful for the economy. For instance during the Great Depression, joblessness rate diminished. Since they need a lot of weapons made rapidly they employ more individuals and this prompts more occupations. Long haul shrewd a war could remake the economy of a nation. Like the French, their creation became quicker after WW1 and WW2. The nation creates in innovation as well. They would require better more remarkable techniques and weapons than the enemy’s so the y inquire about and create in innovation. Subsequently, this would profit the nation significantly. Could this discussion ever be finished? I don't think so. As should be obvious, there are numerous awful and great sides of war. By and large I think wars are awful, in light of the fact that all these positive things are as yet not worth of a great many lives. Furthermore, the great sides are in the event that you win the war yet that isn't 100% certain. Also, regardless of whether things are settled after the war, we are people and we continually need more. In the event that the nations don't feel fulfilled they may go into a subsequent war and afterward a third, etc. So I figure we should consistently discover more serene ways than war.

Confessions of a Late-Blooming Sci-Fi Nerd

Confessions of a Late-Blooming Sci-Fi Nerd This is a guest post from Claire Quigley. Claire is a  PhD student, writing on the topic of contemporary weird fiction. Loves science fiction, magical realism, and literature with a dark subtext. Often found conducting bookish ramblings on Booktube. Follow her on Twitter  @clairequip. For most of my undergraduate years I was a typical English Literature student. I drank endless amounts of cheap coffee, I pulled all-nighters to finish essays, and I was obsessed with reading every book in the great Western canon. Most of my time was spent reading the classics, like Charlotte Brontë or Charles Dickens. I then moved onto the more experimental literature of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf. I bemoaned the fact that our best books had been written nearly a hundred years ago, and thought surely it was all downhill from here. For a long time I didn’t even pick up contemporary literature, let alone genre fiction. You might say I was a bit of a literary snob.   Okay, I was definitely a literary snob. But then a strange thing happened, I began to get bored with the Western canon (would you believe?) and I ventured outside my comfort zone. Books from the canon just didn’t appeal to me like they once had; I noticed my experience of literature had been blinkered and my reading so limited. Don’t get me wrong, the Western canon boasts some amazing literary voices, I simply recognised they weren’t the only voices worthy attention. So I started reading popular science books like Frankenstein’s Cat by Emily Anthes, marvelling at real-life cyborg animals and prospects of genetic engineering. I frazzled my brain pondering the multiverse whilst reading Brian Greene’s The Elegant Universe. I became fascinated with the philosophical, ethical, and existential questions surrounding scientific advancements. I had my fill of non-fiction science, but I pined for a literature that could take me further. Rather belatedly, I realised the books had been staring at me from the bookshop shelves all along â€" living under headers labelled “science fiction” in corners of the store I had never thought to venture. It was time to face my genre snobbery. I guess I like the ideas in science fiction, I would think, but I don’t really like actual science fiction. Without much evidence, I thought science fiction was too pulpy, popularised as “sci-fi.” the writing too crude and coarse. I picked up one or two books that I didn’t like and made a judgement on the whole genre. My prejudice had only grown! But then, just when my destiny as a literary snob seemed sealed, I did something miraculous â€" I changed my mind! I started soft with Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam series, devouring all three books feverishly one summer. Suddenly I was reaching for contemporary science fiction like Kim Stanley Robinson’s 2312 or solid classics of the genre like Roadside Picnic by the Strugatsky brothers. I had embraced science fiction, and it was amazing! But I found myself facing another problem â€" the shadow of the fake geek girl loomed over me. Surely, I wasn’t qualified to call myself a sci-fi reader. When others had experienced dystopian futures, hacked into super-computers and travelled to far-off star systems, I had been busy reading about the interior lives of troubled middle-class men.   I hadn’t put in the hours â€" obviously I was just another “pretender.” I hadn’t found solace in the pages of, say, William Gibson’s Neuromancer as a disenfranchised teen; I was only pale imitation of a true sci-fi lover, only willing to adopt the genre because science is now “cool.” In reality, though, this fear was ungrounded. No self-proclaimed science fiction fan has ever dismissed or questioned my dedication to the genre. The wonderful thing about science fiction is that it deals with so many voices, and entertains so many bizarre and out-there ideas, that there truly i s space for everyone. So, fellow sci-fi nerds; my advice is this â€" do not get angry at people who scoff at your genre tastes. My past reliance on the literary canon came from a place of insecurity, as did my fear of being ostracised by the sci-fi community. Be patient with them and maybe suggest something with science fiction-type themes they might enjoy â€" I find Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go or The Dead Lake by Hamid Ismailov are good options. And for those of you yet to join the ranks of the science fiction genre â€" I say take the plunge, or hop into the time machine, there’s a whole galaxy of literature waiting for you. Please, don’t dismiss a book based on where it’s shelved at the bookshop. Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Of Mice and Men Essay - 1273 Words

Ambitions of Another Life In today’s world, we have come to see that trial, error, pain, and the striving for living a glamorous life are common; we all know it’s an exhausting task. Everybody seems to â€Å"go through the motions† at one point or another; we all seem to have this point in life where everything seems like a black hole that’s going nowhere. In the book, Of Mice and Men, and play Death of a Salesman, we see this is common, among many other similarities. However, no story is ever the same between two people’s lives, and this is also shown in these two works of literature. In these two pieces, it is apparent that one of the main motifs is struggle. Steinbeck and Miller both intricately weave in the worries, desires, and hurt of†¦show more content†¦This main motif throughout these works implies that, in the end, struggle is a constant part of every ones life. It seems that when we’re in the middle of things and the issue is happening right at that very moment, we don’t stop and think of what the outcome could be very often. Willy briefly thought about what Biff would think: BEN. He’ll call you a coward. WILLY. No, that would be terrible. BEN. Yes, and a damned fool. WILLY. No, no, he mustn’t, I won’t have that! BEN. He’ll hate you, William. (Miller 2.811-815). But, in the end he chose to go through with his plan anyway. After Willy kills himself, we see that it really does impact his family. Linda makes that apparent here, â€Å"Why did you ever do that? Help me, Willy, I can’t cry. ...Why did you do it?† (Miller Requiem.28). We see this in Of Mice and Men too; George killed Lennie as a reflex without it entirely crossing his mind of what life would be like afterwards, and Slim shows compassion here, â€Å"You hadda, George. I swear you hadda. Come on with me† (Steinbeck 107). On the contrary, there are different ways of viewing life in the two pieces of literature. In Death of a Salesman, we see that Willy seems to think that just by being well-liked by people and having an alluring personality will help him rise to the top. He’s also constantly making his boys think that they need to be popular to be successful. Biff gets in a fightShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men1242 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan states that, in the state of nature mans life is nasty, brutish and short. In depression era America, no greater truth could be said. There were millions unemployed, largely unskilled and living on the margins of society. The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crimeRead MoreOf Mice and Men961 Words   |  4 PagesPeople have a tendency to lose sight of their goals and dreams. Mentally, people struggle to maintain their sanity in this game of life that has no set of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the inequality between people’s dreams and what can actually be accomplished. John Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of friendship and loneliness, through his deep characterization and connection between characters i n order to illustrate â€Å"The American dream.† TheRead MoreOf Mice and Men1352 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay - Fate or Choice? Choice is defined by the ‘Shorter Oxford Dictionary’ as; â€Å"The act of choosing; preferential determination between things proposed.† It also states the definition for fate; â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which events are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† Is our life choice, can we determine our fate by choosing our path or is our destiny determined for us? John Steinbeck puts forward this question in his novella Of Mice and MenRead MoreMice and men1998 Words   |  8 PagesHey this essay is about me not having one and just wanting a free account.GCSE JOHN STEINBECK The first 200 words of this essay... à ¯Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¿Of Mice and Men Essay à ¢Of Mice and Menà ¢ is the fictional short novel written by John Steinbeck in 1937. Steinbeckà ¢s perspective when writing the novel could be based on the fact that he had once worked on a ranch and had a certain fascination about it. The novel is set in 1930s America and this can be seen as the cause of the very enduring culmination that takesRead MoreOf Mice and Men1006 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of every novel.† In your view, what are the distinctive ideas explored in Of Mice and Men? Explain how these ideas are developed throughout the novel. Themes are integral and fundamental aspects which render the literature valuable. They usually provide insight into the author’s perception and internalisations of the world in which they live. Set in California during the Great Depression, Of Mice and Men, by Steinbeck, illustrates the hardships experienced by individuals as they roamed theRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductiveRead MoreOf Mice and Men1035 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship of George and Lenny The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines.  Ã‚  George was a small man who acted worldly and wise.  Ã‚  Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child.  Ã‚  Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going.  Ã‚  The two men were not able to stay in one placeRead MoreOf Mice and Men547 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s landmark novel Of Mice and Men is perhaps best known for its revolutionary telling of two characters that are very different, but have come to rely on each other to survive during the Great Depression. The two characters are men named George and Lenny. George is somewhat of an average fellow who has no real special skills or attributes. Lenny is large and abnormally strong, but unfortunately has the mind of a child. Le nnie looks up to George as if he were a role model. This statementRead MoreMice and Men822 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other work. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages’ and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many people in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant eventsRead MoreOf Mice and Men1171 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Q- â€Å"I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her† what is the reader supposed to think about Curley’s wife? * How is she described by the other characters? * How the author describes her * How she speaks/behaves * Her dreams * Is she the cause of all the trouble Written By Ruqayyah Draey Curley’s wife is not well described and respected by the other characters. She is often looked down upon and discriminated

Children Immigrants Essay example - 2055 Words

Children Immigrants Immigrant children did not live an easy life in the nineteenth century. Most children were never educated. Italian children immigrants were rarely put through schooling. However, Eastern European Jewish immigrants looked at public schooling as their best way to help their children enhance their potential in life. Chicago, Detroit, and New York City had large populations of Jewish and Italian immigrants. The conditions of the children in all three cities were similar yet different with cities in which they lived in. Jewish and Italian immigrant children had to overcome many obstacles during their adjustment to American life in the nineteenth century. Italian immigrants children were cast into adult life at a†¦show more content†¦Immigrants from the north were encouraging frequent contact and social recreation with boys. Jewish immigrants prioritized education because they saw it as the best way to help their children enhance their potential in life. In the city of Chicago Jewish children started off in school. They had eight public schools in Chicago all for young Jewish people. ?Socialization of the immigrant children was the job of a handful of schools in the ghetto, where Jewish attendance reached 92-93%? (Educating the Jewish Young People). In most public schools the total population was 68 percent Jewish. Many Jewish children attended the Jewish Training School, a vocational school that emphasized arts and mechanical trades. However, one must remember that this did not mean that every one of these Jewish children attended all eight grades that were provided for them from public schools. ?What tends to aggravate these conditions, and further to interfere with the educational career of the Jewish child is, on the one hand, the apparently natural truancy of some boys, and on the other, the necessi ty?always pressing on the workingmen?s children?of leaving school and going to work? (Educating the Jewish Young People). Most of the Jewish children that did attend school did not complete eight grades and many of them did not complete six grades. These children leaving school were as young as age twelve to fourteen to go and work. Jewish children living conditions were much cleaner andShow MoreRelatedAre Children Of Illegal Immigrants1107 Words   |  5 PagesAre Children of Illegal Immigrants Entitled to a Public Education? Waking up in a homeland, a state or province, or a place of familiarity is a given for most kids, but what if one day, by no fault of their own, a child was to be uprooted and taken to a new world, so to speak. They are taken from all that they have known and been thrust into a new way of life for their family. The country, the culture, the language, the life style, and even the education is all new. Their family has chosen thisRead MoreAre Children Of Illegal Immigrants1122 Words   |  5 PagesPSA Essay Are Children of illegal immigrants entitled to a public education? Yes, as a matter of fact, they are! Their parents work for minimum wage and still pay taxes, therefor their child should be able to attend public school. How many Americans don’t work and live off the system, but yet their child still gets a public education? Most minors are placed under the care of the Department of Health and Human Services which offers education rights. After a while the child will be released intoRead MoreThe Education Of Immigrant Children Essay1981 Words   |  8 PagesImmigrant youth are a significant proportion of our national student population today. Many of us don’t realize how many immigrant children there really are. In her interview, â€Å"The Education of Immigrant Children†, posted by Harvard Graduate School of Education on December 11, 2014, Mary Tamer, a graduate student, speaks to Harvard Professor Natasha Warikoo in order to inquire into some of the issues immigrant children face in their lives. According to Tamer, by 2050 more than one-third of schoolRead MoreImmigrant Children and U.S Education1257 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment to any school age children, immigrants both legal and illegal continue to be attracted to the United States, migrating in an attempt to provide better o pportunities for their families and themselves. As the number of illegal immigrants living in the United states continues to rise and the percentage of illegal immigrant households which consist of children also continues to rise, it is important for the American government to examine the effect that these illegal children are having on the UnitedRead MoreSocializing Children Into Immigrant Communities1139 Words   |  5 Pagesare taught differently throughout the world and are influenced by the family, community and culture therefore children adapt as a result of their learned experiences (Miller and Mangelsdorf 2005). This paper focuses on research conducted by Kusserow (1999), Fung (1999) and Orellana (2001). The researchers’ methodologies differ greatly but each touches on the approach of socializing children into each culture and subculture’s teachings on acquiring various forms of language and emotion. In De-homogenizingRead MoreThe Children From Immigrant Families1865 Words   |  8 PagesChildren from immigrant families are less likely to attend Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programs than their native counterparts, based on language barriers, bureaucratic complexity, and distrust of government programs, especially among undocumented immigrants (Karoly Gonzalez, 2011). This continued distrust of government programs, I believe, is the problem that impedes immigrant parents from enrolling their children into ECCE programs despite the possibilities of them being qualifyRead MoreThe Anxiety Of Asian American Immigrant Children Essay1089 Words   |  5 PagesBackground and Significance Currently, 21.4% of youth aged 13-18 and 13% of children aged 8-15 experience significant mental health problems in the U.S. (National Institute of Mental Health, 2015). Also, mental health problems are currently extremely stigmatizing in most Asian cultures, and compared to Caucasians, Asian Americans exhibit significantly high levels of mental health problems (Young et al., 2010). In general, depressive symptoms are associated with major developmental impairments thatRead MoreWhy The Children Of Immigrants Can Be An American?950 Words   |  4 Pagesare a lot of immigrants that are trying to come and to get a better opportunity. According to Joel Swerdlow, in â€Å"Changing America,† â€Å"before 1965 more than three-quarters of all immigrants to the U.S. came from Europe, owing largely to quotas that favored northern Europeans.† (313). In 1965 Congress removed those quotas, and since then more than 60 percent of immigrants have come from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and Latin America. However, do the children of immigrants often feel theyRead MoreThe Political Socialization Of Adolescent Children Of Immigrants891 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"The Political Socialization of Adolescent Children of Immigrants,† Melissa Humphries and Chandra Muller of the University of Texas and Kathryn S. Schiller of the State University of New York perform an intriguing study of the political socialization of the children of immigrants. Their studies clearly show the impracticality of assuming that children of immigrants go through the same political socialization process as third generation whites. Further, they demonstrate that the process of becomingRead MoreA Study On Low Income Immigrant Children962 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the migrationpolicy.org in 2010 the reports show low-income immigrant children were significantly less likely to make a doctors appointment weather having private or public health care insurance. Of the low-income immigrant children only forty-seven percent, forty-four percent with private coverage and sixty-two percent of public overage over their native-born children that sixty-nine percent, sixty-nine percent with private coverage, and seventy-one and a half percent with public coverage

A Summary Review on Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane Free Essays

In the book Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane there are many obstacles that Mark the protagonist has to overcome. The first of his problems was to get through school in his poor South African ghetto. The second was to achieve his goal and receive a tennis scholarship to an American college. We will write a custom essay sample on A Summary Review on Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mark†s father is one of the major antagonist, he was opposed anything to do with Mark getting an education in a school. He was a very traditional man and he didn†t like anything that had to do with the â€Å"white man†. He thought it was nonsense to get a whiteman†s education and he wouldn†t provide the money that was necessary to get Mark through school. Mark was helped through this situation by his Mother who was the person who wanted Mark so desperately to attend school. She decided to go against Mark†s Father and send Mark to school. She then had to get a job which was illegal for her to do so because she didn†t have the required pass from the South African government. With the little money that his mother made and some money that his grandmother gave him he was able to pay for his schooling or at least some of it. He often was without the required materials like a school uniform and books. This then resulted in Mark being beaten at school. These beatings became so intense and often that Mark thought about dropping out of school. His Mother helped him decide that he should stay in school because she knew that an education was the only way out of their life of poverty. Through the support of Mark†s Mother and grandmother Mark found success in school. He almost always was ranked in the top of his class and received scholarships to continue on in school. At the end of Mark†s schooling he receives a job offering in South Africa for him to work as a anger of the company, he decides to accept this job for the time being because his family needed the money to send his brothers and sisters to school. Mark end up successfully making it through school and ending up being one of the top in his class. The second major conflict in the book was that Mark wanted to get a scholarship to an American college. Mark first started playing tennis in the ghetto and became the best player in Alexandria. He practiced at a ranch that he found where he made friends with the owner of the tennis ranch. This was against the law because the owner was a white South African and native Africans could not play with them. Marked learned allot from the owner and gained experience because he was entered in some tournaments by the owner of the tennis ranch. When an international tournament came to South Africa Mark was asked to play in it as a native African player to show to the rest of the world that the apartheid laws separating the native Africans were being changed. This was not true though, the native Africans were being allowed to play in only a few selected tournaments as examples. Since this was not fair to the native Africans they decided to boycott the event. Mark decided to play in this tournament even though he was considered a traitor to his people and was banned from playing in the native African tournaments for life. This decision changed his life because he met a famous American tennis star which helped his apply to many American colleges. Through Mark†s own inner strength and self determination he achieves his goal and he received a full college scholarship to an American college. How to cite A Summary Review on Kaffir Boy by Mark Mathebane, Papers

Robert E. Lee Was Born In Stratford Hall, Near Montross, Essays

Robert E. Lee was born in Stratford Hall, near Montross, Virginia, on January 19, 1807. He grew up with a great love of all country life and his state. This stayed with him for the rest of his life. He was a very serious boy and spent many hours in his father's library. He loved to play with some his friends, swim, and he loved to hunt. Lee looked up to his father and always wanted to know what he was doing. George Washington and his father, "Light-Horse Harry Lee," were his heroes. He wanted to be just like his father when he grew up. In the 1820's, the entrance requirements for West Point were not close to as strict as they are now. It still was not that easy to become a cadet. Robert Lee entered the United States Military Academy at West Point where his classmates admired him for his brilliance, leadership, and his love for his work. He graduated from the academy with high honors in 1829, and he was ranked as a second lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers at the age of 21. Lee served for seventeen months at Fort Pulaski on Cockspur Island, Georgia. In 1831, the army transferred him to Fort Monroe, Virginia, as assistant engineer. While he was stationed there, he married Mary Anna Randolph Custis who was Martha Washington's great-granddaughter. They lived in her family home in Arlington on a hill overlooking Washington D.C. They had seven children which were three sons and four daughters. Lee served as an assistant in the chief engineer's office in Washington from 1834 to 1837, but then he spent the summer of 1835 helping to lay out the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan. In 1837, he got his first independent important job. As a first lieutenant of engineers, he supervised the engineering work for St. Louis harbor and for the upper Mississippi and Missouri rivers. His work there earned him a promotion to captain. In 1841, he was transferred to Fort Hamilton in New York harbor, where he took charge of building fortifications. When war broke out between the United States and Mexico in 1846, the army sent Lee to Texas to serve as assistant engineer under General John E. Wool. All his superior officers, especially General Winfield Scott, were impressed with Lee. Early in the war, Lee supervised the construction of bridges for Wool's march toward the Mexican border. He then did excellent work on scouting trips. Lee later was helping General Winfield Scott plan a great battle. The Army was about to attack Vera Cruz, a large Mexican town on the sea. The attack began. Soldiers fired huge guns at the walls of Vera Cruz. One of the men at the guns happened to be Robert's brother, Smith Lee. When he could, Lee went to stand by his brother's gun. "I could see his white teeth through all the smoke of the fire"1 Lee said, in a letter to Mary. The Mexicans soon gave up Vera Cruz. General Scott thanked Lee for his work. Now the Army could move on to the Mexican capital. The march to Mexico City would be hard. General Scott asked Lee to find the best way to go. And he asked him to see what Santa Anna, the Mexican general, was doing. To get news for Scott, Lee went behind the lines of enemy soldiers. This was dangerous work. Once when Lee was behind enemy lines he heard voices. Mexican soldiers were coming to drink at a spring. Lee jumped under a log. More Mexicans came. They sat on the log and talked. Lee had to hide there until dark. Lee found out many things for Scott. Once he even found a secret road for the army. He was extremely brave. At Cerro Gordo he led the first line of men into battle. The Americans won. Lee then wrote to his son, Custis, "You have no idea what a horrible sight a field of battle is."2 Then came the biggest battle of the war. The Americans attacked a fort outside Mexico City. Lee planned the attack. For days he worked without sleep. He found out where the Mexican soldiers were. He knew where to put the big guns. It was easy for the Army to take the fort. The American Army marched right into Mexico City. The war was now officially over. Lee's engineering skill made it possible for American troops to cross the difficult mountain passes on the way to the capital. During the march to Mexico City, Lee was promoted

It Was Self-Defense! Professor Ramos Blog

It Was Self-Defense! Aileen Wuornos story is no fairytale, it is filled with misfortune, tragedy, and terror. Aileen Wuornos was born on February 29, 1956 in Rochester, Michigan. Wuornos parents, Diane and Leo were divorced before Aileen was born and both abandoned her and her brother Keith to Diane’s parents, Lauri and Britta Wuornos. Wuornos Grandfather abused both Aileen and Keith physically, verbally, and sexually, while the grandmother pretended to be oblivious to what was happening. When Wuornos was thirteen years old, she started to engage in sexual activities with the boys at school for cigarettes, drugs, and food. Wuornos began her life of prostitution when she was sixteen and she lived by herself. Her brother Keith died of lung cancer when she was twenty and Aileen decided to migrate to Florida. In Florida she became a highway prostitute where she met her girlfriend Tyria Moore at a gay bar in Daytona Beach. Wuornos was a highway prostitute, she would walk down the street and when a guy picked her up, she would tell them my car broke down or I have two kids that I need to get to. She would say to them that she has no money and wondered if they were willing to help her out and in exchange, she would have intercourse or other things with them. On December 13, 1989 was the kick off of Wuornos’ murders when Richard Mallory raped and tried to murder Wuornos. Wuornos escaped and shot Mallory three times with a 0.22 caliber handgun. From there she ended up killing six or seven men. Aileen Wuornos was arrested on January 6, 1991 on an old traffic warrant. Police couldn’t charge Aileen with the murders because there were, no witnesses, and no murder weapon. The police found Moore and convinced her to get Wuornos to confess. â€Å"On January 16, Wuornos confessed to six of the killings but claimed that they were in self-defense† (Phelps, 6). In January 1992 she was sentenced to death and on October 9, 2002 she died of lethal injection. What caused her to murder those men? Based off research the three main reasons are that she never had a good male role model in her life, when she was raped as an adult that furthered her hatred towards men, and she had to provide money for her girlfriend Tyria Moore. Ever since Wuornos was born she has never had a good male role model in her life. Her father was incarcerated right when Wuornos born for kidnapping and raping a seven-year old girl. He committed suicide in prison by hanging himself on January 30, 1969. Throughout her life the â€Å"man† that took care of Wuornos and her brother was her alcoholic Grandfather Lauri Wuornos. Aileen grew up thinking that she had four siblings, but three of them were actually her uncles, and aunts. Since Aileen and Keith were not Lauri’s children, he was more abusive towards them. He would constantly physically abuse them. Call them names such as worthless, evil, and unwanted children. Sometimes he would make Aileen strip off her clothes before beating her. â€Å"At about age fourteen, Wuornos was raped by a family friend and became pregnant. Her grandfather forced her to give up the child for adoption† (Encyclopedia, 2). Aileen even tried to tell her Grandfather what happened and he beat her for it. In Jeffery Jerome Cohen’s â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Theses)† he tries to explain how each monster fits into his seven theses’. For Aileen she fits into â€Å"Thesis three: The Monster is the Harbinger of Category Crisis†, meaning that a monster is created, born, or raised in a different way. Aileen Wuornos was not raised in the same way most people are. She was raised in an abusive home by her grandparents who she thought were her real parents until the age of eleven. Since she was born and raised differently, that caused problems for her that not everyone goes through. On December 13, 1989 when she met Richard Mallory, that night changed Wuornos life forever. Wuornos claimed that Mallory raped her and that she used self-defense and shot him three times. Because of that night that was the precipitating cause where she could no longer take men anymore and felt powerless to them. Mallory was actually a convicted rapist and even his wife said â€Å"He was so sweet †¦ and then ten minutes later he would scare the heck out of you† (Pearson, 19) and that even his wife knew of his unpredictable violent actions. Since the incident with Mallory, Wuornos convinced herself that every man that picked her up was going to rape her. Psychologists believe that she made up the excuse of self-defense. For example, â€Å"in one instance she indicated that the murders were the result of anger when her companions refused to have sex with her (Court TV, 1999). In another instance, Aileen reported that she would fight with her victims about sex and that when they became abusive, demanding that she have intercourse with them, she endeavored to protect herself from being raped (Ahern, 2001)† (Arrigo and Griffin, 56). So, this leads to the question were any of those men really trying to rape her? Or did she feel scared that something would happen and took action? Tyria Moore was an important person in Aileen Wuornos life. It first started off with them meeting in a gay bar in Daytona Beach, Florida that then escalated to them becoming lovers to them moving in together. They were together for almost four years and lived off the earnings that Wuornos made as a prostitute. Moore knew about the murder of Mallory and was suspicious about others, but she was scared and unsure of what to do. In the movie â€Å"Monster† directed by Patty Jenkins, Moore’s character â€Å"Shelby Wall† was more of a fictional character and didn’t actually properly represent her. Shelby Wall became greedy with money and wanted Wuornos to continue to prostitute while Moore never wanted that because she believed it was too dangerous. The truth about the movie is that Wuornos loved Moore, wanted to provide for her, and was always afraid that Moore would leave her. That was the root cause of why Wuornos continued to kill those men, so that she cou ld provide for Tyria Moore. Do you believe that those men Wuornos killed actually tried to hurt her? Or did she misread the situation she was in? From the research that I have read I believe that some of the men she killed such as Mallory actually did rape her. That was her breaking point, she couldn’t handle being inferior to men anymore so she somewhat lost her mind and killed every man she thought would rape her. I believe there were situations that she misread for men trying to help her such as Charles Humphreys who was a former state child abuse investigator/chief of police and also known as a family man. He was known as a guy to always try to help people in need especially women. I do feel some empathy for the things that Wuornos went through and that how she was brought up and went through life was hapless. That she was doomed from the beginning, but I also feel sorry for the families who lost someone who was actually innocent in the situation if any were. Arrigo, Bruce A., and Ayanna Griffin. â€Å"Serial Murder and the Case of Aileen Wuornos: Attachment Theory, Psychopathy, and Predatory Aggression.† Behavioral Sciences the Law, vol. 22, no. 3, May 2004, pp.375-393. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1002/bsl.583. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture (Seven Theses).† University of Minnesota Press. 1996. Print. â€Å"Monster†. Directed by Patty Jenkins. Denver and Delilah Films. 17 December, 2003. Pearson, Kyra. â€Å"The Trouble with Aileen Wuornos, Feminism’s ‘First Serial Killer.’† Communication Critical/cultural Studies, vol. 4, no. 3, Sept. 2007, pp. 256-275. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/1420701472791. Wuornos, Aileen Carol [Aileen Carol Pittman] (1956 ). World of Criminal Justice, Gale, edited by Shirelle Phelps, Gale, 1st edition, 2002. Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/worldcrims/wuornos_aileen_carol_aileen_carol_pittman_1956/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 05 Aug. 2019. Wuornos, Aileen. Encyclopedia of Capital Punishment in the United States, Louis J. Palmer, McFarland, 2nd edition, 2008. Credo Reference, https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/mcfcpus/wuornos_aileen/0?institutionId=5312. Accessed 05 Aug. 2019.

Kate Chopins The Awakening of Edna Pontellier

Kate Chopin's 'The Awakening' of Edna Pontellier â€Å"She grew daring and reckless, overestimating her strength.  She wanted to swim far out, where no woman had swum before.† Kate Chopin’s The Awakening  (1899) is the story of one woman’s realization of the world and potential within her. In her journey, Edna Pontellier is awoken to three important pieces of her own being. First, she awakens to her artistic and creative potential. This minor but important awakening gives rise to Edna Pontellier’s most obvious and demanding awakening, one which resonates throughout the book: the sexual. However, though her sexual awakening may seem to be the most important issue in the novel, Chopin slips in a final awakening at the end, one that is hinted at early on but not resolved until the last minute: Edna’s awakening to her true humanity and role as a mother. These three awakenings, artistic, sexual, and motherhood, are what Chopin includes in her novel to define womanhood; or, more specifically, independent womanhood. Awakening of Artistic Self-Expression and Individualism What seems to begin Edna’s awakening is the rediscovery of her artistic inclinations and talents. Art, in The Awakening, becomes a symbol of  freedom and of failure. While attempting to become an artist, Edna reaches the first peak of her awakening. She begins to view the world in artistic terms. When Mademoiselle Reisz asks Edna why she loves Robert, Edna responds, â€Å"Why? Because his hair is brown and grows away from his temples; because he opens and shuts his eyes, and his nose is a little out of drawing.† Edna is beginning to notice intricacies and details that she would have ignored previously, details that only an artist would focus and dwell on, and fall in love with. Further, art is a way for Edna to assert herself.  She sees it as a form of self-expression and individualism. Edna’s own awakening is hinted at when the narrator writes, â€Å"Edna spent an hour or two in looking over her own sketches. She could see their shortcomings and defects, which were glaring in her eyes.† The discovery of defects in her previous works, and the desire to make them better demonstrate Edna’s reformation. Art is being used to explain Edna’s change, to hint to the reader that Edna’s soul and character are also changing and reforming, that she is finding defects within herself. Art, as Mademoiselle Reisz defines it, is also a test of individuality. But, like the bird with its broken wings struggling along the shore, Edna perhaps fails this final test, never blossoming into her true potential because she is distracted and confused along the way. Awakening of Sexual Freedom and Independence A great deal of this confusion is owed to the second awakening in Edna’s character, the sexual awakening. This awakening is, without doubt, the most considered and examined aspect of the novel. As Edna Pontellier begins to realize that she is an individual, capable of making individual choices without being another’s possession, she begins to explore what these choices might bring her. Her first sexual awakening comes in the form of Robert Lebrun. Edna and Robert are attracted to one another from the first meeting, though they do not realize it. They unwittingly flirt with each other, so that only the narrator and reader understand what is going on. For instance, in the chapter where Robert and Edna speak of buried treasure and pirates: â€Å"And in a day we should be rich!† she laughed. â€Å"I’d give it  all to you, the pirate gold and every bit of treasure we could dig up. I think you would know how to spend it. Pirate gold isn’t a thing to be hoarded or utilized. It is something to squander and throw to the four winds, for the fun of seeing the golden specks fly.† â€Å"We’d share it and scatter it together,† he said. His face flushed. The two do not understand the significance of their conversation, but in reality, the words speak of desire and sexual metaphor. American literary scholar Jane P. Tompkins wrote in Feminist Studies: â€Å"Robert and Edna do not realize, as the reader does, that their conversation is an expression of their unacknowledged passion for one another.† Edna awakens to this passion wholeheartedly. After Robert leaves, and before the two have the opportunity to truly explore their desires, Edna has an affair with Alcee Arobin.   Though it is never directly spelled out, Chopin uses language to convey the message that Edna has stepped over the line, and damned her marriage. For instance, at the end of Chapter 31, the narrator writes, â€Å"He did not answer, except to continue to caress her. He did not say good night until she had become supple to his gentle, seductive entreaties.† However, it is not only in situations with men that Edna’s passion is flared. In fact, the â€Å"symbol for sexual desire itself,† as George Spangler puts it, is the sea. It is appropriate that the most concentrated and artistically depicted symbol for desire comes, not in the form of a man, who may be viewed as a possessor, but in the sea, something which Edna herself, once afraid of swimming, conquers. The narrator writes, â€Å"the voice of [the] sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace.† This is perhaps the most sensual and passionate chapter of the book, devoted entirely to depictions of the sea and to Edna’s sexual awakening. It is pointed out here that â€Å"The beginning of things, of a world especially, is necessarily vague, tangled, chaotic, and exceedingly disturbing.† Still, as Donald Ringe notes in his essay, the book is too often seen in terms of the question of sexual freedom.† The true awakening in the novel, and in Edna Pontellier, is the awakening of self. Throughout the novel, she is on a transcendental journey of self-discovery. She is learning what it means to be an individual, a woman, and a mother. Indeed, Chopin amplifies the significance of this journey by mentioning that Edna Pontellier â€Å"sat in the library after dinner and read Emerson until she grew sleepy. She realized that she had neglected her reading, and determined to start anew upon a course of improving studies, now that her time was completely her own to do with as she liked.† That Edna is reading Ralph Waldo Emerson is significant, especially at this point in the novel, when she is starting a new life of her own. This new life is signaled by a â€Å"sleep-waking† metaphor, one which, as Ringe points out, â€Å"is an important romantic image for the emergence of the self or soul into a new life.† A seemingly excessive amount of the novel is devoted to Edna sleeping, but when one takes into account that, for each time Edna falls asleep, she must also awaken, one begins to realize that this is just another way of Chopin demonstrating Edna’s personal awakening. Awakening of Womanhood and Motherhood Another transcendentalist link to awakening can be found with the inclusion of Emerson’s theory of correspondence, which has to do with life’s â€Å"double world, one within and one without.† Much of Edna is contradictory, including her attitudes toward her husband, her children, her friends, and even the men with whom she has affairs. These contradictions are encompassed within the idea that Edna was â€Å"beginning to realize her position in the universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her.† So, Edna’s true awakening is to the understanding of herself as a human being. But the awakening goes further still. She also becomes aware, at the end, of her role as a woman and mother. At one point, early in the novel and before this awakening, Edna tells Madame Ratignolle, â€Å"I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children but I wouldn’t give myself. I can’t make it more clear; it’s only something which I am beginning to comprehend, which is revealing itself to me. Writer William Reedy describes Edna Pontellier’s character and conflict in the literary journal, Reedys Mirror, that â€Å"Woman’s truest duties are those of wife and mother, but those duties do not demand that she shall sacrifice her individuality.† The last awakening, to this realization that womanhood and motherhood can be a part of the individual, comes at the very end of the book. Professor Emily Toth writes in an article in the journal American Literature that â€Å"Chopin makes the ending attractive, maternal, sensuous.† Edna meets with Madame Ratignolle again, to see her while she is in labor. At this point, Ratignolle cries out to Edna, â€Å"Think of the children, Edna. Oh, think of the children! Remember them!† It is for the children, then, that Edna takes her life. Conclusion Though the signs are confusing, they are throughout the book; with a broken-winged bird symbolizing Edna’s failure and the sea concurrently symbolizing freedom and escape, Edna’s suicide is, in fact, a way of her maintaining her independence while also putting her children first.  It is ironic that the point in her life when she realizes a mother’s duty is at the moment of her death. She does sacrifice herself, as she claims she never would, by giving up the chance at all she could have in order to protect her children’s future and well-being. Spangler explains this when he says, â€Å"primary was her fear of a succession of lovers and the effect such a future would have on her children: ‘to-day it is Arobin; tomorrow it will be someone else. It makes no difference to me, it doesn’t matter about Leonce Pontellier- but Raoul and Etienne!’†Ã‚  Edna gives up the newly found passion and understanding, her art, and her life to protect her family. The Awakening is a complex and beautiful novel, filled with contradictions and sensations. Edna Pontellier journeys through life, awakening to the transcendental beliefs of individuality and connections with nature. She discovers sensual joy and power in the sea, beauty in art, and independence in sexuality. However, though some critics claim the ending to be the novel’s downfall and what keeps it from top status in American literary canon, the fact is that it wraps up the novel in as beautiful a way as it was told all along. The novel ends in confusion and wonder, as it is told. Edna spends her life, since the awakening, questioning the world around her and within her, so why not remain questioning to the end?  Spangler writes in his essay, â€Å"Mrs. Chopin asks her reader to believe in an Edna, who is completely defeated by the loss of Robert, to believe in the paradox of a woman who has awakened to passional life and yet, quietly, almost thoughtlessly, chooses death.† But Edna Pontellier is not defeated by Robert. She is the one making choices, as she has determined to do all along. Her death was not thoughtless; in fact, it seems almost preplanned, a â€Å"coming home† to the sea. Edna strips off her clothes and becomes one with the very source of nature that helped to awaken her to her own power and individualism in the first place. Further still, that she goes quietly is not an admission of defeat, but a testament to Edna’s ability to end her life the way she lived it. Each decision that Edna Pontellier makes throughout the novel is done quietly, suddenly. The dinner party, the move from her home to the â€Å"Pigeon House.† There is never any ruckus or chorus, just simple, impassioned change. Thus, the novel’s conclusion is a statement to the enduring power of womanhood and individualism. Chopin is affirming that, even in death, perhaps only in death, one can become and remain truly awakened. Resources and Further Reading Chopin, Kate. The Awakening, Dover Publications,1993.Ringe, Donald A. â€Å"Romantic Imagery in Kate Chopins The Awakening,† American Literature, vol. 43, no. 4, Duke University Press, 1972, pp. 580-88.Spangler, George M. Kate Chopins The Awakening: A Partial Dissent, Novel 3, Spring 1970, pp. 249-55.Thompkins, Jane P. The Awakening: An Evaluation, Feminist Studies 3, Spring-Summer 1976, pp. 22-9.Toth, Emily. Kate Chopin. New York: Morrow, 1990.

International Trade & Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Trade & Banking - Essay Example According to Mishkin, globalization is essentially about economic integration, which implies the opening up of national economies to the external inflow of goods, services. Contrary to earlier beliefs, globalization is hardly a new phenomenon, dating back to the end of the 19th century and the age of industrialization. â€Å"The globalization system, unlike the Cold War system, is not static, but a dynamic ongoing process: globalization involves integration of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before — in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is also producing a powerful backlash from those brutalized or left behind by this new system†. Yet, even today it is too early to say that globalization has achieved its peak. Central banks are still in their way but far from achieving real financial globalization. The lat ter presupposes having a single global currency and a single global financial authority. According to Way, â€Å"independent central banks produce sharply lower inflation rates where Left cabinets are prevalent but at a cost of increasing unemployment†. In the absence of financial stability and global financial homogeneity, central banks acquire a new role of adjusting their decisions and exchange rates policies to the needs of the international financial community, including the issues of currency convertibility.

Constraints on Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Constraints on Developing Countries - Essay Example This essay declares that the future for a level playing field and the transition of developing countries appears to already be underway since the majority of the World Trade Organisation is composed of developing countries which are striving to take part in the international industrial trade setup. These countries are following the guidelines given by the United Nations to increase their ability to produce as well as the quality of their production. In the industrial world, much like the business world, the wishes of the client reign supreme. Since the clients of these nations are industrialised countries, the developing nations will have to bring up their standards of production to remain competitive. The future of economic liberalisation does not move as much towards opening of markets and free trade. In reality, it is moving towards a trade of technology and industrial know-how which will allow industrial production to take place at the same level in a developing country as it doe s in developed countries. This paper makes a conclusion that constraints do exist and developing countries are at a significant disadvantage when compared to industrialised nations but the author also thinks that the world is becoming more equal. Just a few decades ago the American Empire reigned supreme in all aspects of advancement and culture but the future leadership of the world could belong to the European Union. It is clear to me that industrial relationships and the volume of industrial trade will form a significant portion of the equation in determining which country leads the world into the 22nd century.

Roman Fever: A Brilliant Display :: Roman Fever Essays

Exposing Gender Stereotypes in Roman Fever    Definitive criteria for judging the success or failure of a work of fiction are not easily agreed upon; individuals almost necessarily introduce bias into any such attempt.   Only those who affect an exorbitantly refined artistic taste, however, would deny the importance of poignancy in literary pieces.   To be sure, writings of dubious and fleeting merit frequently enchant the public, but there is too the occasional author who garners widespread acclaim and whose works remain deeply affecting despite the passage of time.   The continued eminence of the fiction of Edith Wharton attests to her placement into such a category of authors: it is a recognition of her propensity to create poignant and, indeed, successful literature.   The brevity of her "Roman Fever" allows for a brilliant display of this talent in it we find many of her highly celebrated qualities in the space of just a few pages.   "Roman Fever" is truly outstanding: a work that exposes the gender stereotypes of its day (1936) but that moves beyond documentary to reveal something of the perennial antagonisms of human nature.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the story's first sentence, upon the introduction of two women of "ripe but well-cared-for middle age," it becomes clear that stereotypes are at issue (Wharton 1116).   This mild description evokes immediate images of demure and supportive wives, their husbands' wards.   Neither woman is without her "handsomely mounted black handbag," and it is not until several paragraphs into the piece that Mrs. Slade and Mrs. Ansley even acquire first names (1117).   Thus, without even disclosing any of the ladies' thoughts to the reader, Wharton has already revealed a great deal of their personal worlds.   They live in a society which expects women to act largely as background figures, thoroughly engaged with furthering their husbands' careers and the constant struggle to remain pretty.   Indeed, little else is desired or even tolerated3/4and Grace Ansley and Alida Slade appear, at first glance, to conform to this image perfectly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the workings of the characters' minds are revealed, the extent to which they have internalized these values becomes apparent.   Each, in their brief description of the other, mentions that her acquaintance was quite beautiful in her youth.   Alida recalls how much she enjoyed having been married to a famous lawyer; she misses being   "the Slade's wife" (1119).   Startlingly, now that their husbands are dead, we find that the women consider themselves to be in a state of   "unemployment" (1118)!

Accounting fraud Essay

Accounting fraud can be defined as knowingly falsifying accounting records in order to increase sales revenue and net income. Accounting fraud is committed in corporations by means of showing false information, using funds for illegal purposes or inflate expenses, overstating revenues, understating expenses or overstating the value of corporate assets. All these activities are entirely unethical. Behaving ethically depends on the capability to recongnize the ethical issues and to believe on their existence. This ability to respond ethically at workplace related more to attributes of corporate culture than to attributes of individual employee Individuals often fail to realise their moral obligations at work and by being subject to world’s temptation fails to tread on their set ethical standards and behave unethically. People especially of todays generation are so much engrossed in their own different criterias of their lives that they almost forget to confine themselves to ethi cal boundaries that is why ethical decisions are always difficult to make and its foundation is based on several factors however if we talk about the decision by considering moral philosophies of a person; that depends on whether the person is making a work-related decision or personal-life decision. See more: Basic Economic problem of Scarcity Essay A person in the business sector might view of the problem by thinking differently beacause of the outside force and under the work pressure. However, the same decision might be unacceptable to him outside the work. The second reason of people changing moral philosophies could be the corporate culture where they work. Rules and personalities of a business culture person eventually effects on the person and exerts pressure to conform to the firm’s culture. Edward Hall (1959), described culture as a silent language, and defines it as â€Å"that part of man’s behavior which he takes for granted, the part he doesn’t think about, since he assumes it is universal or regards it as idiosyncratic.† Geert Hofstede (1993) defined it as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one group or category of people from another.† (P.489) A culture followed in corporate or on industrial level is known as Meso- culture and every organisation has t heir own set agendas regarding ethics because work ethics plays a pivotal role at work place to rein employees to behave ethically and keeping into account the ethical dimensions. In most of the organizations, there are set rules and policies specifically formulated to make ethical environment. Every  organization has a culture which mainly comes from the side of upper management and the rest of the employees follows the set trends and culture of their own corporate sectors. The culture of the organization varies from organization to organization because of the different perceptions of the chief executive officers (CEO) and the Board of Directors (BOD). Individuals in practical lives tend to take decisions according to their own moral values and set standards however, in business it changes and is quite the other way round. People get pressurised often and take decisions whatever is percieved as right or wrong in their surroundings and also choose on producing the greatest benefits with least harm. Individuals cannot simply enforce their personal perspective, though they are responsible for their actions but the idea of middle- management or entry level employee to have the freedom to take decision on their own at the work place is unrealistic.For example, if an employee can attract more customers by giving bribe to someone in the business, his decision would rely on whether complying with company policy or requirements is an important motivation to the individual or not. So for that purpose, according to Drake and Drake (1988), â€Å" there is a necessity for the development of training programmes to implement corporate values. These programmes must explain the ethical and legal principles to the employees and show practical examples which can be used as a guidance.† (p.111) Thus, the set principles and policies regarding work ethics in an organization and in addition to that the training programs can guide, govern or direct the employees to follow ethics and helps in institutionalizing organizations. According to ethics consultant David Gebler, â€Å" Most unethical behaviour is not done for personal gain, it’s done to meet performance goals†. Mostly people are of the view that individual moral philosophies plays main role for the ethical behaviour in business. Although moral philosophies learned through family, religion and education are important but it is only one factor which helps in decision making; it is not sufficient to prevent ethical misconduct especially in the business sector. Studies show that the reward for meeting performances and the corporate culture are the main drive rs in ethical decision making because the companies have a life of their own and the individuals working in the company are transcended by its corporate culture and with the passage of time, these patterened activities become instituionalized within the  organization. Peer influence also effects to some extent in the decision making; employees can be lulled by each other in making unethical decisions or when facing with ethical dilemmas nonetheless, everything still surrounds around the corporate culture and its strict policies for the ethical behaviour because when the policies will be strict, every employee would strive hard for the performance goal. If I fit myself in a situation where I can easily inflate my account on company’s expenses, I would be swayed by the company’s culture. I might not even think of committing any fraud or inflate the expense on company’s account, if the company is strict in its policies. But at times, it also depends on an individual moral values of a person in taking decision which is transmitted normally from families. According to my vantage point, individual moral development for taking a decision is a secondary factor; what drives first instantly to the person to behave ethically is the corpo rate culture since a company cannot rely on every individual to behave ethically on their own. â€Å"They can’t just stand in front of people and say they want them to have a good attitude and be excited,† says Pecos River president Elizabeth Wilson. Taking decision in practical life and in work life differs. People in their work lives are driven by some targets and goals which are triggered in them by the organisation where they work and that effects on their performance. Similarly, when they take decision in their work lives , they are not driven by their own values, the company’s formulated culture effects their decision making. Nevertheless, if a person takes any decision without any concern or reflecting on the ethical dimensions; these sort of misbehaviours are referred to as â€Å"unethical business practices† (eg Garrett et al.,1989; Giacalone and Jurkiewicz, 2003 ; King, 1986).According to Murphy (1989), â€Å"Ethics should be followed in corporate sectors in the form of corporate creed and ethical code. The former establishes the organisational ethical values whereas the latter is a specific set of guidelines which must be developed in all functional areas of the firm.† To conclude, business ethics plays a pivotal role in developing a corporate culture. Although, all the implementation of principles and ethics is a bit difficult procedure but it impacts on the employees in the organisation in higher degree and rein them from involving in unethical activities. â€Å"It is obvious that in principle individuals are more ethical if a corporation has a written, formal code and  less ethical otherwise.† (Vitell et al.,1993,p.336). Hence, according to Vitell, the idea of a formal written code for ethics works well in corporate sector. In addition, moral values of an individual which are mainly effected by religion, personal cognitive approach, family, beliefs, education et cetera also plays an important role in preventing the employees in taking any unethical decision, however, it is only a secondary factor for an employee has a performance goal in his mind while working and the decision forms according to a corporate culture and the ethics followed in organizations since a company cannot rely on individuals individually to have e thical standards and beliefs. For that purpose , there is a necessity of a corporate culture which work as the main driver to act ethically in a work- place and in situations related to corporate sector. REFERENCES: Arunchand, C H; Ramanathan, Hareesh N. Organizational Culture and Employee Morale: A Public Sector Enterprise Experience, Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management2.1 (2013): 1-8. Mickalowski, Kyle; Mickelson, Mark; Keltgen, Jaciel. â€Å" Apple’s Iphone Launch: A Case Study In Effective Marketing The Business Review, Cambridge9.2(Summer 2008). Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 29 September,14 Caulkin, S.: 2002, ‘Good Thinking, Bad Practice’, The Observer (7th April), 11 Claver, Enrique; Llopis, Juan; Gasco, Jose L. International Journal of Value – Based Management15.2 (2002): 151-163 Drake, B. H.and E. Drake, (1988), â€Å"Ethical and legal aspects of managing corporate culture† California management review 30 (2), 107- 123 Fritzche, D. J.: 1995, ‘Personal Values: Potential Keys to Ethical Decision Making’, Journal of Business Ethics 14(11), 909–922. Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 5 May,14 Garrett D. E., J. L., Bradford.,R. A. Meyers., J, Becker :1989 Issues Management and Organizational accounts: An analysis of Corporate responses to Accusations of Unethical Business Practices, Journal of Business Ethics 8 (7), 507- 520, Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 6 May,14 Geert, H., Bond, M. H., & Luk, C. L. (1993). Individual Perceptions of Organizational Cultures. Organization Studies, 14(4), pp. 483-503. Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 11 may,14 Hall, E.T. (1959). The Silent Language, New York: Doubleday Lincoln, D., M. M. Pressey and T. Little: 1982, ‘Ethical Beliefs and Personal Values of Top Level Executives’, Journal of Business Research (10), 475–487 Murphy Herta A., Effective Business Communication (7th Edition), Herbert W. Hildebrandt , Mc Graw- Hill. Nakano, Chiaki. Asian Business & Management, suppl. Special Issue: Japanese Business & Society in a Global Age6.2 (Jun 2007): 163-178. The Significance and limitations of Corporate Governance from the perspective of Business Ethics: Towards the Creation of an Ethical Organizational Culture, Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed on 10 May, 14. Vitell, S. J., et al, (1993), ‘Marketing Norms: The influence of personal moral philosophies and organizational ethical culture’ Journal of the academy of marketing science 21 (4), 331-337, Retrieved from Proquest Database, Viewed on 12 May,14. Yallapragada, RamMohan R.; Roe, C. William; Toma, Alfred G.: Accounting fraud and white collar crimes in the US, Journal of Business Case Studies8.2 (2012): 187. Retrieved from Proquest Database, Viewed on 7 May,14.

Hiv Prevention And The Prevalence Of Human...

Running head: HIV PREVENTION IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA AND AUSTRALIA 8 HIV Prevention in Papua New Guinea and Australia Diana L. Brown HCM350 – History of Healthcare Worldwide Colorado State University – Global Campus Dr. Evelyn Shinn April 30, 2015 The emergence of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and the prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in the early 1980s initiated widespread global panic, but not every nation took action to combat the pandemic. Control of this relatively young disease process has been addressed in different ways in countries worldwide. Depending on the cultures of the region or the political system in place, some have made tremendous strides to reduce infection†¦show more content†¦A research specialist for the CDC, Dr. James Curran, stated in July of 1981 that no cases have been reported to date outside the homosexual community or in women (Altman, 1981). That may have been the case in that moment of time, but much changed over the course of only a few months. Between July and December of 1981, another population was identified as suffering from the illness that had no name. This was the population of injecting drug users (IDU) and it was no longer limited to the United S tates, as Great Britain had its first reported case in that same month (AVERT, 2015). With the HIV/AIDS outbreak achieving a trans-continental status, efforts were ramped up to identify the source of transmission. By the end of 1982, reports of cases with similar symptoms were coming from several European countries, Uganda, and Haiti which reflected the widespread nature of the situation (AVERT, 2015). In just one year, the number of cases reported in the United States alone went from 41 to 452 and from just 2 states affected to 23 (CDC, 2015). It became a global health concern due to the wasting effects and rapidity of onset to death. Finally identified as being a blood borne pathogen, AIDS became the name and transmission linked to exposure to blood by sexual relations, needle sharing, and even blood transfusion. By October 1983, the World Health